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PKC potentiates insulin release in beta cells however
2022-09-07
PKC potentiates insulin release in beta cells; however, it is currently not clear how this is mechanistically accomplished in living ha tag peptide [15]. First, we discuss PKC structure, regulation, and activation in beta cells. Then, we address two fundamental questions: (1) what is the specific ef
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br Application of TIRFM to
2022-09-07
Application of TIRFM to visualizing exocytosis TIRFM was first used to visualize exocytosis from large secretory granules from chromaffin 6XHis (Steyer et al., 1997). Before that, visualization of secretory organelle was strictly limited to a few exceptions, such as mast cell of mutant mice, or s
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br
2022-09-07
Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion The as-designed system was based on the assembly of MSN-Cy and TPGS, which was dominated by π-π stacking interactions. By the strong mutual force, Cypate and TPGS formed a compact layer around the MSN core, which blocked the drug leaka
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BMP signals play pivotal roles in
2022-09-07
BMP signals play pivotal roles in the various processes of chondrogenesis [12], [13]. At early stages of chondrogenesis, BMP signaling regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal TIC10 into chondrocytes via the induction of Sox9[29]. The loss of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, results in the overgrowth o
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Evidence indicates that astrocytes play a role in the
2022-09-07
Evidence indicates that astrocytes play a role in the modulation of NMDAR activity in the CA1 (Henneberger et al., 2010; Papouin et al., 2017a, Papouin et al., 2017b; Robin et al., 2018). Therefore, we sought to examine whether astrocytes are involved in the H1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist-in
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Introduction Histamine Imidazolyl ethylamine is an
2022-09-07
Introduction Histamine [2-(4-Imidazolyl)-ethylamine] is an important mediator of many physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, gastric Folinic acid secretion, neuromodulation, regulation of immune function, cell proliferation and differentiation, among others. Histamine exe
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br Conclusions br Acknowledgement br Introduction The macrop
2022-09-06
Conclusions Acknowledgement Introduction The macrophage is an important cell species that plays key roles in innate immune responses and inflammatory reactions through phagocytosis of foreign bodies and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (T
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br Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus HIV
2022-09-06
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system, such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic szl (Clapham and McKnight, 2001). HIV directly and indirectly destroys CD4+ T cells, which leads to severe immunodefic
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To date no studies have demonstrated any
2022-09-06
To date, no studies have demonstrated any effect of obesity or inflammation on GPR109A expression in adipose tissue. Our findings demonstrate that HFD-induced obesity decreases adipose tissue GPR109A gene expression. Contradictory to our findings in adipose tissue in vivo, Digby et al. report that e
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br GPR a G protein coupled receptor GPCR was
2022-09-06
GPR35, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), was discovered and classified as an orphan GPCR in 1998 and deorphanized in 2006 by the discovery of kynurenic 3,4-DAA australia as the endogenous agonist. Since its discovery, limited references on the GPR35 receptor have appeared, due in part to a scar
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The cytoprotective effects of glyRs have
2022-09-03
The cytoprotective effects of glyRs have been reported to associate with the MAPK (JNK, ERK1/2 and p38) signaling pathways [47], [48]. The present study reveals that suppressive phosphorylation of cRaf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 is initiated by glycine – glyR α2 interactions in cardiomyocytes. As a central regul
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br Methods GLUT DS was diagnosed either when
2022-09-03
Methods GLUT1DS was diagnosed either when analysis of the SLC2A1 gene showed a pathogenic mutation and/or when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis met the criteria for GLUT1DS: a CSF Bromhexine HCl mg below the 10th percentile, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to blood ratio below the 25th percentile
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As glucagon stimulated hepatic glucose production is a key
2022-09-03
As glucagon-stimulated hepatic A-54556A receptor production is a key component of the normal response to hypoglycemia, the potential of a GCGr antagonist to delay or prevent recovery from a hypoglycemic state is a critical safety issue that must be addressed. Studies of the effects on time to recove
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br Conclusions br Conflicts of Interest br Acknowledgments T
2022-09-03
Conclusions Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments The Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine is funded by grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), an Integrative
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The biological actions of ghrelin are mainly due
2022-09-03
The biological actions of ghrelin are mainly due to its interaction with GHSR-1a (Howard et al., 1996). The pharmacological properties of D-Lys3-GHRP-6, a selective antagonist of GHSR-1a, have been extensively studied (Beck et al., 2004, Benso et al., 2007, Sibilia et al., 2006). To study the recept
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