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Some alterations in the integrity of
2025-02-26
Some alterations in the integrity of cell membranes caused by toxic agents can be determined by measuring certain enzymes released by damaged cells [8]. The cholinesterases, for example, catalyze the hydrolysis of dpp-4 inhibitors (ACh) in choline and acetic acid. Theses enzymes are divided into tw
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In order to investigate their effects in vitro therefore we
2025-02-26
In order to investigate their effects in vitro, therefore, we first used TE671 cells, which have provided a useful source of human AChR for in vitro and radioimmunoassay studies. We found no marked effect of either MuSK-MG or SNMG sera on AChR numbers or on AChR subunit expression. This appears to c
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ampa receptors Using constant potential amperometry and elec
2025-02-26
Using constant potential amperometry and electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors selective for choline—and, therefore, an accurate readout of ampa receptors release (Baker et al., 2015; Bruno et al., 2006a; Parikh et al., 2004, 2007)—tonic and phasic release of acetylcholine were measured simultaneo
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br
2025-02-26
Materials and methods Results Discussion Author contributions JH purified protein, performed vanadate inhibition experiments, crystallized, collected data, determined and refined the ATX-VO5 structure, analysed all the structures, prepared the displayed items and supervised ALHE; WJK con
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Therefore the rational design of target compounds is based
2025-02-26
Therefore, the rational design of target compounds is based on the hybrid of attractive phenotypic bis-indole (5, Fig. 1) and sulfonamide moieties, in which the indole core might anticipate in hydrophobic interaction, and the functionality of sulfonamide group may involve in H-bonding with the site
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br Experimental and simulation section
2025-02-26
Experimental and simulation section Acknowledgments Financial support for this work was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81101688). We would like to thank NC State University High Performance Computing Center for providing us computing resources, and Dr. Lihui
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br Valsartan It is another ARB with several
2025-02-25
Valsartan It is another ARB, with several reports for its beneficial effects on CV system both in preclinical and clinical studies. Valsartan treatment has reduced the levels of pentraxin 3, a marker for inflammation and is well tolerated in terms of side effects [17]. In BSCORE study, 90-day sec
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br Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants
2025-02-25
Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” ANR-09-CESA-006 program, the Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (Anses, Project n° 2012-2-077) and the Interdisciplinary Program “Longévité et Viei
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Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD is a complex neurologica
2025-02-25
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a progressive dementia resulting from synapse failure (Selkoe, 2002, Tanzi, 2005). The amyloid hypothesis maintains that the pivotal event in AD is the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides following the prote
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br Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome
2025-02-25
Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome is a driver of negative patient outcomes that requires more therapeutic options. The complexity of liver alterations in this disease – elevated de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, reduced clearance of circulating atherogenic L
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br Experimental section br Introduction NMDA
2025-02-25
Experimental section Introduction NMDA receptor-induced increases in AMPAR trafficking to the synaptic surface mediates changes in synaptic efficacy in a number of CGK733 regions (Shi et al., 1999, Sun et al., 2005, Frenkel et al., 2006). While this process has been linked to the regulated in
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br cDNA cloning gene structure and chromosomal
2025-02-25
cDNA cloning, gene structure and chromosomal localization The cDNA for the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase was first cloned from porcine leukocytes [9], and later from mouse [10], [11], rat [12], [13], bovine [14] and rabbit [15] sources. The cDNA for the platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase cDNA has b
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br Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are
2025-02-25
Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a common feature of a developed pathophysiological state characterized by obesity and IR [4]. It has been suggested that this profile is part of a panel of biomarkers able to predict the onset of more severe complications like diabetes in humans [14]. In
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glucose transport proteins The lactam emerged as lead candid
2025-02-25
The lactam (6) emerged as lead candidate due to its high selectivity, outstanding potency (against ALK or in clinically known ALK mutants), low in vitro clearance, and low efflux potential. The lactam (6) was selected for further profiling against the resistant ALK mutants. Preclinical rat pharmacok
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Interestingly intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have
2025-02-25
Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula